Early Warning Signs of Uterine Cancer Every Woman Should Know

Uterine cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers affecting women in the UK, with over 9,700 new cases diagnosed each year. While it primarily affects post-menopausal women, younger women are not immune. Early detection plays a critical role in improving outcomes, as it allows for timely treatment and better survival rates. Yet, many women overlook subtle symptoms or dismiss them as part of normal hormonal changes. This blog aims to empower women in London—and across the UK—by shedding light on the early warning signs of uterine cancer, risk factors, and steps to take if you suspect something is amiss.

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer when it starts in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), is a condition where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the womb. There are two main types: endometrial cancer, which accounts for about 90% of cases, and uterine sarcomas, which originate in the muscle or connective tissue of the uterus.

In the UK, several factors increase the risk of developing uterine cancer. Age is a significant factor, with most cases occurring in women over 50. Obesity is another major contributor due to its association with oestrogen dominance, which can stimulate cell growth in the endometrium. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) without progesterone, a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and tamoxifen use (a drug used to treat breast cancer) also elevate risk. Family history and genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome further predispose some women to this disease.

It’s important to note that while uterine cancer shares symptoms with other gynaecological cancers, such as ovarian or cervical cancer, they are distinct diseases requiring different diagnostic approaches and treatments.

Early Warning Signs of Uterine Cancer

Recognising the early signs of uterine cancer can make all the difference. Here’s what to watch out for:

1. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

One of the hallmark symptoms of uterine cancer is irregular vaginal bleeding. For premenopausal women, this might include unusually heavy periods, spotting between cycles, or prolonged menstruation. Post-menopausal women may experience any form of vaginal bleeding, no matter how minor. Why does this happen? The excess oestrogen stimulating the endometrium can cause abnormal cell growth, leading to bleeding. If you notice anything unusual, don’t brush it off—this symptom is often an early red flag.

2. Unusual Vaginal Discharge

Changes in vaginal discharge could signal trouble. Women with uterine cancer sometimes report watery, pinkish, or foul-smelling discharge. Unlike typical discharge linked to infections, this type tends to persist despite treatment for common causes like yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis.

3. Pelvic Pain or Pressure

Persistent pelvic pain or pressure, including discomfort during intercourse, shouldn’t be ignored. While these symptoms can stem from less serious issues like fibroids or endometriosis, they warrant investigation, especially if accompanied by other warning signs.

4. Changes in Urination or Bowel Habits

Frequent urination, constipation, or bloating might seem unrelated to uterine health, but these systemic symptoms can occur as the tumour grows and presses against nearby organs. If you’re experiencing unexplained digestive issues alongside other symptoms, it’s worth discussing with your GP.

5. Unexplained Weight Loss or Fatigue

Systemic symptoms like sudden weight loss or extreme fatigue can indicate advanced stages of cancer, but they occasionally appear earlier in uterine cancer. Pay attention to your body—if you feel consistently drained or notice rapid weight changes without dieting, seek medical advice.

Who is at Higher Risk?

While uterine cancer can affect anyone with a uterus, certain groups face higher risks. In the UK, women aged 50 and above account for the majority of cases. However, lifestyle choices play a crucial role too. Obesity is strongly linked to uterine cancer because fat cells produce extra oestrogen, disrupting hormonal balance. A sedentary lifestyle and poor diet exacerbate this risk.

Hormonal influences, such as long-term use of oestrogen-only HRT or having PCOS, also raise susceptibility. Additionally, women with a family history of uterine or colorectal cancer should be vigilant, particularly if they carry genetic mutations like those seen in Lynch syndrome. Understanding your personal risk profile helps you stay informed and proactive about your health.

When to See a GP in the UK

If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned, don’t hesitate to see your GP. Early intervention saves lives, and the NHS offers a streamlined pathway for suspected uterine cancer cases. Your GP will likely refer you to a specialist gynaecology clinic for further evaluation. Common diagnostic tools include transvaginal ultrasounds, which provide detailed images of the uterus, and endometrial biopsies, where a small sample of tissue is taken for analysis. In some cases, a hysteroscopy—a minimally invasive procedure—may be performed to examine the uterine cavity directly.

For those seeking faster access to diagnostics, private healthcare options are available, though costs vary. Regardless of the route you choose, prompt action is essential.

Diagnosis and Early Detection

Early detection significantly boosts survival rates. When caught at stage I, five-year survival rates exceed 80%. Unfortunately, delays in diagnosis can allow the cancer to spread, reducing treatment effectiveness. Currently, there’s no national screening programme for uterine cancer in the UK, but high-risk individuals may benefit from regular monitoring through their GP or specialist.

Tests like transvaginal ultrasounds and biopsies are highly effective in identifying abnormalities. By staying attuned to your body and seeking help early, you give yourself the best chance at successful treatment.

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Tips

Prevention isn’t always possible, but adopting healthy habits reduces your risk. Maintaining a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and regular exercise is key. Incorporating whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins into your diet supports overall well-being. Regular gynaecological check-ups ensure potential issues are flagged early, even if you’re symptom-free.

Tracking your menstrual cycle and noting any changes empowers you to spot red flags quickly. Whether you’re keeping a journal or using an app, consistency matters. Knowledge truly is power when it comes to protecting your health.

Supporting Women After Diagnosis

A uterine cancer diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but you’re not alone. The UK offers robust support networks, including Cancer Research UK and Macmillan Cancer Support, which provide resources ranging from emotional counselling to practical guidance. Treatment options depend on the cancer’s stage and location but typically include surgery (hysterectomy), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy. Early detection increases the likelihood of successful treatment, underscoring the importance of vigilance.

Conclusion

Understanding the early warning signs of uterine cancer arms you with the knowledge needed to advocate for your health. From abnormal bleeding and unusual discharge to pelvic pain and systemic symptoms like fatigue, these signals deserve attention. Remember, early consultation with a GP can save lives. Don’t wait for symptoms to worsen—act now.

If you’ve noticed any of the symptoms discussed, book a consultation with your GP today. Share this blog with friends and family to spread awareness—it could make a life-changing difference for someone you care about. Together, we can tackle uterine cancer head-on and ensure every woman knows what to look for. Stay informed, stay proactive, and prioritise your health.