Timeline of an EB1A Green Card: What to Expect from Start to Finish

The EB1A Green Card is one of the fastest and most prestigious paths to U.S. permanent residency for individuals who have demonstrated extraordinary ability in their field. Whether you're an accomplished scientist, athlete, artist, or entrepreneur, understanding the timeline can help you plan strategically. This article will walk you through the complete process—from preparing your petition to receiving your Green Card—so you know what to expect at each step.

What Is the EB1A Green Card?

The EB1A Green Card falls under the first-preference employment-based immigration category. It is specifically designed for individuals who can prove extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics through sustained national or international acclaim. A major benefit of the EB1A category is that it does not require a U.S. job offer or labor certification, making it ideal for self-petitioners.

Step 1 - Preparation and Documentation (2–6 Weeks)

Before filing anything, the first step in the EB1A Green Card process is to gather documentation that supports your claim of extraordinary ability. This includes:

• Awards and recognitions

  
  

• Publications or media features

• Evidence of original contributions

• Proof of judging others in your field

• Membership in distinguished organizations

At this stage, you should carefully evaluate your eligibility and determine whether you meet at least three of the ten criteria set by USCIS. Some applicants also prepare a detailed personal statement or obtain reference letters from respected individuals in their field.

Eb1a Green Card applicants often spend a few weeks refining their portfolio. Having strong documentation is critical because this category is held to a very high standard. Strategic preparation at this stage can significantly affect the success of your petition.

Step 2 - Filing the I-140 Petition (USCIS Processing Time: 3–12 Months)

Once your documentation is ready, you file Form I-140 (Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker) with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This form officially starts your EB1A Green Card journey.

At this point, you can choose between regular processing (which can take up to 12 months) or premium processing, which guarantees a decision within 15 calendar days for an additional fee.

Filing the Eb1a Green Card petition involves submitting all your supporting evidence, your CV, letters of recommendation, and sometimes an expert opinion letter. Many applicants opt for premium processing to shorten wait times and quickly understand if they’re approved or need to respond to a Request for Evidence (RFE).

The outcome of the I-140 is critical—it determines if you qualify for the next steps toward permanent residency.

Step 3 - Visa Bulletin & Priority Dates (1–6 Months)

After your I-140 is approved, you must check the U.S. Department of State’s monthly Visa Bulletin to ensure that a visa number is available in your category and country of chargeability. For applicants from most countries, the Eb1a Green Card category is usually current, meaning you can immediately move forward.

However, for applicants from countries like India or China, there might be a wait of several months due to high demand. Monitoring the Visa Bulletin helps you plan when to file your next application.

Step 4 - Filing for Adjustment of Status (I-485) or Consular Processing (6–12 Months)

Once your priority date is current, you have two options to move forward:

1. Adjustment of Status (I-485)

If you're already in the U.S. on a valid visa, you can file Form I-485 to adjust your status to permanent resident. This process generally takes 6 to 12 months. Along with I-485, you can file for Employment Authorization (EAD) and Advance Parole (travel document), allowing you to work and travel while your case is pending.

2. Consular Processing

If you're outside the U.S., you’ll go through consular processing via a U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country. This involves attending a visa interview and providing biometrics. The total processing time can also range from 6 to 12 months, depending on embassy workload and interview availability.

Step 5 - Biometrics and Interview (Optional)

After filing I-485, USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment where you’ll provide fingerprints and photographs. Some applicants may also be called for an interview, though it’s not always required for EB1A cases, especially if the documentation is strong.

If called, the interview will typically focus on verifying the authenticity of your application and assessing your background. Be honest, confident, and prepared with any necessary documents.

Step 6 - Final Approval and Receiving the Green Card

Once your application is approved, you’ll receive your physical Green Card in the mail, officially granting you permanent resident status in the U.S. Congratulations—you’ve successfully completed your Eb1a Green Card journey!

You can now live and work in the U.S. without restrictions, and after five years, you’ll be eligible to apply for U.S. citizenship if desired.