Heating Oil Types in the UK: Exploring Options for Homes and Businesses

Heating Oil in the UK Energy Landscape

Heating oil remains a lifeline for thousands of homes and businesses across the UK, particularly in areas that are not connected to the national gas grid. It is stored on-site in tanks and used in boilers, cookers, or heating systems to provide warmth and hot water. With fuel technology evolving and sustainability becoming a key priority, the market now offers different types of heating oils, each with distinct characteristics, costs, and applications. Understanding these types is crucial for selecting the right option, balancing efficiency, affordability, and environmental impact.

Standard Kerosene – The Most Common Choice

Standard kerosene is by far the most widely used heating oil in the UK. Known for its light composition and efficient burn, it is often described as 28-second oil due to the time it takes to flow through a standard measuring instrument. It is suitable for most domestic boilers and range-style cookers, making it the go-to option for households. Its low viscosity ensures clean combustion, which translates into fewer deposits in the boiler and better system longevity. In addition, kerosene tends to be more affordable compared to other heating oils, which has helped it remain popular among budget-conscious families.

Premium Kerosene – Enhanced for Efficiency

An upgraded version of standard kerosene is premium kerosene. This type of heating oil is treated with specialist additives that improve its performance and storage quality. Premium grades reduce the risk of sludge build-up in tanks, prevent frozen fuel lines in cold weather, and enhance combustion for maximum heat output. For households with modern condensing boilers or high-performance heating systems, premium kerosene is often recommended. Though it costs slightly more than standard kerosene, the benefits of fewer maintenance issues and higher efficiency often offset the price difference in the long run.

Gas Oil – The Heavy-Duty Option

Gas oil, also called 35-second oil or red diesel, is thicker and heavier than kerosene. It is dyed red for identification and is taxed at a lower rate when used for non-road purposes. Gas oil is commonly used in commercial heating systems, agricultural machinery, and industrial equipment. While it is less efficient in smaller domestic boilers, it plays a vital role in heating larger properties, factories, and farms. For businesses with mixed fuel needs—such as both heating and machinery—gas oil offers a convenient all-in-one solution.

Premium Gas Oil – Cleaner and More Reliable

Just like kerosene, gas oil is also available in premium forms. These versions are blended with additives to improve fuel stability and reduce the risk of blockages or carbon build-up in engines and boilers. Premium gas oil is especially valued in industries where downtime is costly, as it keeps equipment running smoothly and reduces servicing needs. The cleaner burn also means lower emissions, which helps businesses align with environmental regulations.

Renewable Heating Oils – The Emerging Alternative

The push towards net-zero targets has encouraged the development of renewable heating oils. Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is leading the charge as a sustainable substitute for fossil-based fuels. Made from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils and waste fats, HVO can cut greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90% compared to conventional heating oils. Importantly, it is a “drop-in” fuel, meaning it can often be used in existing boilers with little or no modification. While it is not yet as widely available as kerosene or gas oil, HVO represents the future of heating oil in the UK, offering households and businesses a way to reduce their carbon footprint significantly.

Bio-Kerosene – A Transitional Option

Alongside HVO, bio-kerosene blends are also entering the UK heating oil market. These fuels mix traditional kerosene with a proportion of bio-based content, reducing emissions without requiring complete system changes. Bio-kerosene is considered a transitional solution, helping users cut carbon while renewable infrastructure continues to scale up. Though adoption is still limited, it shows promise as part of a gradual move away from fossil heating oils.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Heating Oil

Selecting the right type of heating oil involves more than just cost. Households and businesses must take into account the type of boiler or heating system, the size of the property, and long-term maintenance requirements. Standard kerosene remains the most economical choice for most domestic needs, but premium kerosene can be worthwhile for modern systems that benefit from cleaner combustion. Gas oil is ideal for larger-scale operations or properties with heavy fuel demands. For those prioritising sustainability, renewable alternatives like HVO or bio-kerosene may be the preferred option, despite their higher initial cost.

Storage and Maintenance Considerations

Whichever heating oil type is selected, proper storage and maintenance are vital for safety and efficiency. Heating oil should always be stored in an appropriate tank that complies with UK regulations to prevent leaks and environmental damage. Premium fuels with additives can help prolong storage life, but regular servicing of boilers and tanks is essential to avoid breakdowns. Suppliers often provide advice on tank care and can recommend the best oil type to suit a customer’s system and usage patterns.

The Role of Reliable Suppliers

Having access to trustworthy heating oil suppliers makes a big difference in managing costs and ensuring an uninterrupted supply. Reputable suppliers not only deliver fuel but also provide flexible delivery options, emergency top-ups, and expert guidance on selecting the right type of oil. With the growing range of heating oil products now available, suppliers also help customers navigate their options, whether they want affordability, performance, or environmental responsibility.

Conclusion – A Market in Transition

The UK heating oil market is more diverse than ever, offering everything from traditional kerosene to innovative renewable fuels. Each type of oil has its strengths: standard kerosene for affordability, premium kerosene for efficiency, gas oil for heavy-duty applications, and renewable options for sustainability. As the nation moves towards a greener energy future, renewable heating oils are expected to take centre stage, but conventional fuels will continue to serve many households and businesses in the near term. By understanding the types of heating oils available and working with reliable suppliers, users can make informed decisions that balance cost, performance, and environmental impact.