Psoriasis: Causes, Triggers, Symptoms and Treatment Options

Psoriasis is more than occasional dry or irritated skin. It is a long-term inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, nails and, in some people, the joints.

The condition often follows a cycle. Symptoms may improve for a period and then return during a flare-up. Although psoriasis is not contagious and cannot be passed from one person to another, it can still have a significant effect on comfort, confidence and everyday life.

Understanding the symptoms, recognising potential triggers and seeking appropriate medical advice can make psoriasis easier to manage.

What Is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis occurs when the normal skin-cell renewal process becomes much faster than usual.

Healthy skin cells gradually develop and shed. With psoriasis, new cells reach the skin’s surface too quickly. Instead of shedding normally, they accumulate and form raised, scaly patches.

Psoriasis is a chronic condition, meaning it can continue over a long period. Symptoms may be mild and limited to a small area or more extensive and difficult to manage.

According to Healthdirect Australia, psoriasis can affect the skin, nails and joints, but it is not contagious.

What Does Psoriasis Look and Feel Like?

Psoriasis does not look exactly the same for everyone. Its appearance can also vary across different skin tones.

Common symptoms may include:

• Raised or inflamed patches of skin
• Dry, thickened or scaly skin
• Itching, irritation or burning
• Skin that cracks or bleeds
• Flaking or shedding of skin
• Changes to the fingernails or toenails
• Discomfort around affected areas

The scalp, elbows and knees are commonly affected, but psoriasis can occur almost anywhere on the body. Other areas may include the hands, feet, lower back and skin folds.

Some people have clearly visible plaques, while others experience smaller areas that may initially be mistaken for dandruff, eczema or another skin condition. A proper assessment is important because different skin conditions may require different treatments.

Is Psoriasis Contagious?

No. Psoriasis is not caused by poor hygiene or an infection that can be passed between people.

You cannot catch it through physical contact, sharing personal items, swimming in the same pool or being close to someone experiencing a flare-up. Both Healthdirect and Victoria’s Better Health Channel identify psoriasis as a non-contagious inflammatory condition.

This is important because visible skin symptoms can sometimes lead to unnecessary misunderstanding or stigma.

What Causes Psoriasis?

The exact cause is complex. Psoriasis is associated with the immune system and may also be influenced by a person’s genetic background.

Some people inherit a greater likelihood of developing psoriasis, but having a family history does not mean that symptoms will definitely occur. Environmental and lifestyle factors may also contribute to the timing or severity of flare-ups.

Psoriasis is not usually caused by one simple factor. Instead, symptoms may appear or worsen when a susceptible person encounters particular triggers.

Common Psoriasis Triggers

Triggers vary between individuals. Something that causes a flare-up for one person may have little effect on another.

Commonly reported triggers include:

Stress

Emotional stress may contribute to flare-ups. Living with a visible or uncomfortable skin condition can also create additional stress, forming a difficult cycle.

Stress-management strategies such as regular physical activity, adequate sleep and relaxation techniques may support general wellbeing, but they are not substitutes for medical treatment.

Skin Injuries

Cuts, scratches, sunburn, insect bites or other forms of skin trauma may sometimes be followed by new patches of psoriasis in the affected area.

Protecting the skin and treating injuries appropriately may help reduce irritation.

Infections

Certain infections can trigger or worsen psoriasis in some people. This is one reason a sudden or unfamiliar rash should be assessed rather than self-diagnosed.

Cold or Dry Weather

Cold conditions and low humidity can dry the skin and may make symptoms more noticeable. Melbourne’s cooler months may be particularly challenging for some people.

Smoking and Alcohol

Smoking may increase the risk or severity of psoriasis, while alcohol may affect symptoms and interact with some treatments.

People who need help changing these habits can speak with a healthcare professional about appropriate support.

Certain Medicines

Some medicines may trigger or aggravate psoriasis. However, prescribed medication should not be stopped without medical advice.

If symptoms appear after starting a medicine, speak with the prescribing doctor or pharmacist.

How Is Psoriasis Diagnosed?

A doctor will usually examine the affected skin, scalp and nails and ask about symptoms, family history and possible triggers.

In some cases, further assessment may be needed to rule out conditions that can look similar. A doctor may also ask whether there is joint pain, swelling or stiffness.

Keeping a record of flare-ups can be helpful. Consider noting:

• When symptoms began
• Areas of the body affected
• Recent illnesses or infections
• New medicines
• Periods of unusual stress
• Changes in weather or routine
• Products applied to the skin

Photographs may also help show how symptoms have changed between appointments.

How Is Psoriasis Treated?

There is currently no cure for psoriasis, but treatment can help control symptoms and reduce flare-ups. The most appropriate option depends on the type, location and severity of the condition, as well as the person’s overall health.

Treatment may include:

Topical Treatments

Creams, ointments and lotions are applied directly to the skin. These may help reduce inflammation, scaling, dryness or itching.

Different products have different purposes, so it is important to use them as directed. A treatment suitable for one area of the body may not be appropriate for another.

Phototherapy

Phototherapy uses carefully controlled ultraviolet light. It is different from ordinary sun exposure or using a commercial tanning bed and should be provided under professional supervision.

Oral or Injected Medicines

Moderate or severe psoriasis may require medicines that work throughout the body. These treatments may influence the immune response and usually require medical supervision and monitoring.

Treatment should be individualised because benefits, risks and suitability vary from person to person.

Supportive Skin Care

Regular moisturising may help reduce dryness and irritation. Gentle skin products and lukewarm rather than very hot showers may also make the skin feel more comfortable.

Avoid scratching or picking at plaques, as this can damage the skin and increase irritation.

Psoriasis and Joint Symptoms

Some people with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis, which can cause joint pain, swelling, stiffness and inflammation.

Joint symptoms should not be ignored, particularly when they persist or are worse after periods of rest. Early assessment can help reduce the risk of ongoing joint damage.

Healthdirect’s information about psoriatic arthritis recommends medical assessment for symptoms such as painful, swollen or stiff joints.

When Should You Speak With a Doctor?

Consider arranging an appointment if:

• You have a new or unexplained scaly rash
• Symptoms are spreading or becoming uncomfortable
• Itching is affecting your sleep or daily activities
• The skin is cracked, bleeding or showing signs of infection
• Over-the-counter products are not helping
• Your nails have developed unexplained changes
• You experience joint pain, swelling or stiffness
• The condition is affecting your confidence or emotional wellbeing

Seek urgent medical care if you develop rapidly worsening widespread redness, severe pain, fever or feel significantly unwell.

Living With Psoriasis

Managing psoriasis often involves more than treating visible patches. The condition can affect clothing choices, relationships, work, exercise and confidence.

A practical management plan may include:

• Following treatment instructions consistently
• Using moisturisers recommended for your skin
• Tracking possible triggers
• Avoiding smoking
• Limiting alcohol where appropriate
• Protecting the skin from injury
• Discussing joint symptoms promptly
• Seeking support when the condition affects emotional wellbeing

There is no single routine that works for everyone. The aim is to identify a manageable approach based on your symptoms and circumstances.

Getting Personalised Support

Psoriasis can resemble other skin conditions, so an accurate diagnosis is an important first step. A GP can assess the symptoms, discuss possible triggers, recommend suitable treatment and arrange a specialist referral when required.

McKinley Medical Centre provides general practice support for patients in Mulgrave and surrounding areas. If you are concerned about persistent, scaly or inflamed skin, consider booking an appointment to discuss your symptoms and available treatment options.

This article provides general health information and is not a substitute for personalised medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.